IP ADDRESS !?

WHAT IS AN IP?
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IP or Internet Protocol serves as a universal protocol to allow any two computers to communicate through any network at any time.
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WHAT IS AN IP ADDRESS?
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Domain names are handy because we're good at remembering names like Google.com. But networks don't actually understand them, they only understand numeric IP addresses. So when you ask for Google.com, your computer does a quick lookup using DNS (Domain Name Service) to find the corresponding IP address. There are both public and private (non-routable) IP addresses. Private IP addresses are used by private networks ,routers won't allow these addresses onto the Internet. IP addresses within a private network should not be duplicated within that network, but computers on two different – but unconnected – private networks could have the same IP addresses.
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WHAT IS AN IPv4 ADDRESS?
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IPv4 addresses (Internet Protocol version 4) consist of 32 bits that are divided in four 8-bit octets, which are separated by dots. This means that there are 232 (After using the calculator 4,294,967,296) unique addresses on the Internet under IPv4. As the number of devices is increasing IPv4 is not enough, if we continue with this then there will be a time with no more IP addresses left unused (IPv4 Exhaustion).
Part of the IP address identifies the network, and the remainder of the IP address identifies the individual computers on the network. On the basis of these Divisions IP Addresses are divided into classes.
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WHAT IS AN IPv6 ADDRESS?
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IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) consists of 128 bits ie It has larger address spacing.

IPv6 is designed to allow the Internet to grow steadily, both in terms of the number of hosts connected and the total amount of data traffic transmitted

Boundary between hardware and software - DID YOU KNOW ?

Since the formulation of the Von Neumann architecture, this has been under continuous evolution in CS. Hardware is becoming more programmable and configurable (GPU computing, FPGAs), and hardware is adapting to software (hyperthreading and virtualization features in CPUs). Cloud computing is arguably a form of soft-configurable large-scale hardware infrastructure. 

Virtualization - DID YOU KNOW ?

Time-sharing operating systems and virtual memory were the first attempts at virtualization. Then it was the virtual machine for software execution (e.g. Java VM, Microsoft CLR). Then the virtual machine architecture that enabled cloud computing. How far can virtualization as an approach to abstraction go?

Virtualization, in computing, refers to the act of creating a virtual (rather than actual) version of something, including but not limited to a virtual computer hardwareplatform, operating system (OS), storage device, or computer network resources.

Virtualization began in 1960s mainframe computers as a method of logically dividing the system resources provided by mainframes between different applications. Since then, the meaning of the term has broadened.

Program structure - DID YOU KNOW?

Computer science is constantly reinventing how to represent functionality most intuitively, concisely, and flexibly. First there were procedural languages, then object oriented programming. Now program structure is represented as a hybrid mixture of loosely typed languages, opensource libraries, and decentralized multithreaded cloud architectures over multi-layer data representations. What are the central patterns underlying the optimality of these new architectures? How are open APIs changing the definition of an application?